Campagna 2024

Preventing skin cancer

Skin cancer is one of the world’s most common cancers. The good news is that it is usually treatable if detected early - and there are things we can do to prevent it.

Always be sunsafe

Avoid unnecessary exposure.

Seek shade where possible, and avoid the summer sun during the middle of the day.

Wear protective clothing

Include dark colours, long sleeves, a widebrimmed hat and UV-rated sunglasses.

For children, look for clothing with inbuilt sun protection.

Apply sunscreen

Check that yours has a high protection factor against both UVA and UVB rays. Remember that sunscreen takes effect around half an hour after its application and only lasts for two to three hours.

Protect children

Children are at the greatest risk of long-term health issues related to unsafe sun exposure.

Outside play is important, but you should never let a child get sunburnt.

Melanoma originates from melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells in the skin. It is less common than other skin cancers but is the most concerning one due to its potential for rapid spread and metastasis. Unlike other types that often affect older individuals, melanoma can develop in individuals of any age. It typically manifests as a mole or spot on the skin that undergoes noticeable changes over time. These changes may include darkening in color, irregularities in shape or borders, and the development of various hues within the lesion. Additionally, melanoma may present as a rapidly growing pink or red lump While it can arise from a common mole or dysplastic nevus, the majority develops in an area of seemingly normal skin. Melanomas can develop in other parts of the body than the skin, including inside the eye (ocular melanomas) or in the nose, mouth, throat, genital region, or anal area (mucosal melanomas). It’s crucial to seek immediate medical attention if you notice any of these changes, as melanoma can spread internally and become life-threatening if left untreated. 

Basal cell carcinoma originates from the basal cells of the skin, located in the lowest layer of the epidermis. It is the most common type of skin cancer, yet it tends to be less aggressive compared to melanoma. Prolonged sun exposure is the primary cause, with basal cell carcinoma typically affecting sun-exposed areas. The presentation varies from a raised, skin-coloured bump with a smooth, shiny surface reminiscent of a pearl, to a non-healing sore, a reddish patch, or a scar-like area. Occasionally, it may manifest as a slow-growing bump with a slightly crusty texture at the center. While basal cell carcinomas grow slowly and rarely metastasize, prompt treatment is necessary to prevent further tissue invasion and damage. 

Squamous cell carcinoma originates from the squamous cells of the skin. It ranks as the second most prevalent type of skin cancer, typically developing in regions of the skin extensively exposed to sunlight, such as the face and scalp. It may occur in other locations, like the genital area. Squamous cell carcinoma often appears as a crusty lump that may exhibit rapid growth and subsequently become ulcerated and exude fluid. Furthermore, it can present as reddish patches, open sores, scar-like areas, or warty lesions This cancer has the potential to spread swiftly, particularly when located on sensitive areas like the lips, ears, fingers, and toes, or in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as organ transplant recipients. Surgical intervention to excise the lesions is imperative for effective treatment. 

Actinic keratosis is a common precancerous skin condition resulting from cumulative sun exposure, predominantly affecting individuals in their middle-aged to elderly years. These lesions typically manifest as red-brown, scaly patches on areas of the skin exposed to sunlight, such as the face, scalp, ears, and hands. Approximately 10-15% of actinic keratoses may progress to squamous cell carcinoma if left untreated. Thus, prompt intervention through various treatment options is imperative to halt the potential progression to invasive skin cancer. Treatment modalities include topical medications, cryotherapy (freezing), or photodynamic therapy, depending on the severity and extent of the lesions. Early diagnosis and management play a crucial role in reducing the risk of developing more advanced skin cancers. 

Merkel cell carcinoma, originating from specialized neuroendocrine Merkel cells in the skin's basal layer, is a rare yet aggressive skin cancer. With an incidence rate of about 0.59 cases per 100,000 individuals in Europe, it predominantly affects those over the age of 50. Typically asymptomatic, these rapid growing, reddish-yellowish spherical-looking tumours preferentially grow on chronically sun-exposed skin areas of the face and extremities. The primary causative factors are Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) infection and UV radiation exposure. Early detection and treatment, often involving surgery, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy, are crucial due to its aggressive nature and potential for metastasis. 

Benign

Malignant

Benign

Malignant

Benign

Malignant

Benign

Malignant

Before

After

1. Examine your face, including your nose, lips, mouth, and the areas behind and around your ears. 

2. Check your scalp, using a comb to part your hair for better visibility during the examination. If you do not have much hair, it is especially important to thoroughly inspect your entire scalp. 

3. Check the front and back of your hands and in between your fingers. 

4. Then focus on your neck, chest, and upper body. Ensure you check between and underneath your breasts if applicable. 

5. Bend your elbow to check your upper arm and armpits.

6. Use your hand mirror to check your neck and your back. 

7. Check your buttocks and the back of your legs. Finish by checking the soles of your feet and in between your toes.